Buffalo Nickel 5c Type 1 Reverse, Matte Finish, 1913 PR [Type]

Designer: James Earle Fraser. Weight: 5 grams. Composition: .750 copper, .250 nickel. Diameter: 21.2 mm. Edge: Plain. Mints: Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco.

Key to Collecting: The Buffalo nickel featured on the obverse depicts an authentic portrait of a Native American, modeled as a composite from three life subjects: Iron Tail (who had bested General George Custer in his “last stand” at the Battle of Little Big Horn in Montana), John Big Tree, and Two Moons (who later toured the amusement circuit showcasing himself as the “Indian on the nickel”). The reverse was modeled from Black Diamond, a bison residing in the Central Park Zoo in New York City.

Unlike any preceding coin made for circulation, the Buffalo nickel had little in the way of open, smooth field surfaces. Instead, most areas on the obverse and reverse were filled with design elements or, especially on the reverse, an irregular background as on a bas-relief plaque. The entire ensemble, in high relief on both sides, was viewed as being very artistic, and the motif was highly acclaimed.

Upon reflection soon after the first coins were released, it was thought that the inscription FIVE CENTS, on a high area of the motif, would wear too quickly. Accordingly, ground under the bison, arranged in the form of a mound on Variety 1, was lowered to become flat, creating the next style (Variety 2).

Aspects of Striking and Appearance: Some coins have areas of light striking, particularly on the higher areas of the Indian’s hair and on the upper part of the bison. However, as a general rule, Variety 1 Buffalo nickels are much better struck than are those of Variety 2.

Matte Proof Coins: Probably no more than half of the original mintage still exists. Expertizing is recommended, as these are difficult to distinguish from circulation strikes. All Matte Proofs have needle-sharp design details and squared rims.